Writing for IELTS, session5

Adverbial clauses

1. Time:
   Connectors:
   when/ whenever/ since/ before/ after/ as soon as/ by the time/ as/ while/…
   Example:
   I have not seen him [since he moved to London]
2. Place:
   Connectors:
   where/ while
   Example:
   He makes trouble [where he goes].
3. Cause and reason:
   Connectors:
   because/ inasmuch as/ as/ since/ due to the fact that/ because of the fact
   that/ regarding the fact that/ on account of the fact that/ owing to the fact that/ on
   grounds of the fact that.
   Example:
   [Owing to the fact that all the able-bodied men were at the front], women had to do
   all the work.
4. Manner:
   Connectors:
   as/ in that/ while
   Example:
   [As she was thinking about the solution of the problem], I try to come up with a new
   one.
5. Contrast:
   Connectors:
   While/ though/ although/ even though/ despite the fact that/ in spite of the
   fact that/ not withstanding the fact that/ regardless of the fact that/
   Example:
   She attended the conference, [regardless of the fact that she had not been given the
   privilege to go for free].
   Notice:
   For “contrast adverbial clauses” it is necessary to use “,” if it comes either at the
   beginning or at the end of the main sentence.
6. Condition:
   Connectors:
   if/ providing (that)/ in case (that)/ provided (that)/ unless/ on the condition
   that/ on the account that/
   Example:
   You can come with us on holiday [providing that you do some of the cooking.]
7. Comparison:
   I- Equality:
   Connectors:
   …as adj/ adv as …/
   Example:
   She is as sociable as you said.
   She behaves as sociably as she could.
   II- Comparability:
   Connectors:
   … more + adj + than + clause
   … adj + er + than + clause
   Example:
   Mr. Smith was more intelligent than all the staff members.
   Mr. Smith was smarter than all the staff members.
8. Result:
   Connectors:
   … so + adj/adv + that + clause
   … such + (a/ an) + adj + noun + that + clause
   Example: That family was so kind that I stayed with them longer.
   He drove so carelessly that I was totally shocked.
   That was such a kind family that I stayed with them longer.
   He was such a careless driver that I was totally shocked.
9. Purpose:
   Connectors:
   In the hope that/ in order that/ so that/ …
   Example:
   I called her [so that I could invite her to my party.]